I have an Acer laptop that I purchased from a Chinese vendor, and as a result comes with some Chinese variety of Windows 10. From the systems description, it is the "Windows 10 Family Chinese edition." While I would have hoped that would implied that the Chinese characters would display correctly -- this is not so.
With some diagnostic programs (chkdsk), things work fine. With others (sfc), they do not.
The solution is to change the code page, and specifically to 936. Now I can see that sfc was complaining about the lack of administrative privilege. The default code page for my computer was 437. Part of the reason I have this issue might have to do with me setting most of the localization to US/English.
This Stack Overflow article was helpful to me in figuring out how to resolve this issue:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/388490/how-to-use-unicode-characters-in-windows-command-line.